The date palm held significant importance for ancient Egyptians, featuring prominently in their iconography dating back to predynastic times. Its towering height and large leaves captured their attention.
Economically, the date palm was paramount. Men would scale its trunk to harvest the dates, a task even royal gardens employed trained monkeys to accomplish.
Resilient to high temperatures and thriving in arid regions, the date palm symbolized life’s victory over death, akin to resurrection. Its canopy was seen as forming the celestial vault, linking it to the heavens.
Depictions of the god Heh often include two palm leaves, while its trunk’s notches were believed to mark divine years. The palm leaf featured prominently in the Heb Sed, a significant royal ceremony.
Linked to the sun god, the palm’s branch arrangement and towering trunk mirrored the sun’s rays and the deity’s grandeur, symbolizing the cosmos’ axis.
Similar to the sycamore, the date palm was considered a tree of life and associated with various deities, particularly female ones like Nut, Hathor, Isis, and Iusaas.
All of these entities are referred to in the cited texts as “Ladies of the Date Palm”; these divine beings were believed to reside within the tree, providing sustenance to the deceased.
According to A. Wilkinson (1998), the date palm served as a symbol of Upper Egypt.
The specific type of palm tree known as Doum (Hyphaene thebaica) by the ancient Egyptians, commonly recognized as the Arabian palm, features harder and denser wood with multiple trunks originating from the base.
Its significance was correlated with other deities such as Sepa, Osiris, Min, and Thoth of Hermopolis Magna (Lurker 1991). On the other hand, the Phoenix dactylifera palm tree possesses soft, low-quality wood.
